"Their desires are now based on experience rather than expectation."
Robert Passikoff is undoubtedly a very smart guy. But for the life of me, I can not untangled the logic of that statement (note: It was published in the April 30, 2007 issue of BrandWeek magazine). Is he saying that people's expectations are now conditioned by their most recent marketplace experiences?
And what do their desires have to do with their expectations? I desire an on-time connection through the Philly airport, but I don't expect it to happen anytime soon. He also says that consumers "have become more realistic." Were consumers unrealistic about their brand expectations? And if so, how did they get that way?
Here are two more quotes, pulled from the article, which I believe clarify Passikoff's obscure statement:
"On a number of quality fronts, Passikoff ventured, GM is on equal footing with Toyota - 'but it is not perceived that way and perception is reality.'"
"With the growth of media options, it is harder and harder to establish brand loyalty." - Dell'Aquila
Okay, now I believe I understand what Passikoff was trying to communicate, and it goes like this:
Consumer expectations of brands have lessened due to their less than stellar delivery of promised value, and advertising is having little effect in changing those expectations.
My definition of a brand, and I'm glad to see smart people like Seth Godin picking up on it, is simply this:
A brand is an expectation of someone or something delivering a certain feeling by way of an experience.
Our expectations of brands are created by a combination of factors; e.g. packaging (how something looks and feels), promotion (what we've seen, heard, or read about it), word-of-mouth (what friends have told us), past experience (the feeling we've received from choosing and using it), etc. Great brands become great because those various factors reinforce our expectation of receiving the desired feeling.
The advertisement creates a feeling, which is reinforced by the packaging and experience. The packaging and experience reinforces the feeling and encourages word-of-mouth and other forms of social currency (e.g. displaying the brand), which reinforces the advertising. And on and on.
The key to brand success is to stay tuned in to consumer's changing desires, create an expectation that your brand can fulfill those unfulfilled desires, and then deliver on that expectation over time. And don't forget that people's expectations are always changing, based on what they are exposed to in the marketplace.
For example, Southwest Airlines used to be the "low cost airline." Now, they are the airline to choose when you and your bags have to be somewhere on-time. Wal-Mart used to be "everyday low prices." Now, they are the place to shop for good enough stuff, so you can save time and money to spend on better stuff.
Don't get confused by all of the brand and marketing noise. It's only going to get louder as the money continues to flow out of mass media. Instead, get as close as you can to your audience. Close enough so that you'll only have to whisper to be heard, and so that you'll be able to feel the reaction.